Hernia interna por divertículo de Meckel: una causa rara de obstrucción intestinal / Internal Hernia due to Meckel's Diverticulum: A Rare Cause of Intestinal Obstruction

Resumen El divertículo de Meckel (DM) es el remanente del conducto onfalomesentérico y se considera la malformación congénita más común del tracto gastrointestinal. La mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos; sin embargo, aquellos en los que se desarrollan síntomas, estos pueden manifestarse como: dolor abdominal, hemorragia de tracto gastrointestinal, perforación u obstrucción intestinal. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar un caso de hernia interna secundaria a un divertículo de Meckel, siendo esta una causa poco frecuente de obstrucción intestinal.

Abstract Meckel's diverticulum is the remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct and is considered the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract. Most patients are asymptomatic, however patients who develop symptoms can manifest: abdominal pain, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, intestinal perforation or obstruction. The objective of this report is to present a case of internal hernia secondary to a Meckel's diverticulum, a rare cause of bowel obstruction.

Adenocarcinoma mucinoso uracal / Urachal mucinous adenocarcinoma

Introducción: El uraco o conducto onfalomesentérico es una estructura embrionaria que conecta el intestino medio y el saco vitelino, que involuciona antes del tercer trimestre de embarazo. Objetivo: Presentar un caso con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma uracal, neoplasia maligna rara. Desarrollo: Paciente de 50 años de edad sin antecedentes patológicos, con cuadro clínico inicial de ascitis y dolor abdominal, al examen físico masa palpable en hipocondrio-fosa iliaca izquierda que en la tomografía abdominal se observa una masa adyacente a la cúpula vesical y pared anterior del abdomen. El resultado de la biopsia reportó un adenocarcinoma mucinoso del conducto onfalomesentérico (uracal). Al momento del diagnóstico, el paciente se encontró en un estadio IVB según el sistema Sheldon y otros y un IV según sistema Mayo, etapa avanzada de la enfermedad que determina mal pronóstico. Se instauró tratamiento con quimioterapia neoadyuvante, quirúrgico y continuación con quimioterapia adyuvante, el cual continúa, actualmente, con una evolución estable. Conclusiones: Esta es una neoplasia rara. Sospechar su diagnóstico llevará a un diagnóstico temprano, lo que mejorará el pronóstico y sobrevida de los pacientes afectados(AU)

Introduction: The urachus or omphalomesenteric duct is an embryonic structure connecting the midgut and the yolk sac, which regresses before the third trimester of pregnancy. Objective: To report a case with a diagnosis of urachal adenocarcinoma, a rare malignant neoplasm. Case report: A 50-year-old patient with no pathological history, who had an initial clinical condition of ascites and abdominal pain. At physical examination, we found a palpable mass in the left hypochondrium - iliac fossa, which revealed a mass next to the bladder dome and anterior wall on the abdominal tomography of the abdomen. The biopsy result reported a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the omphalomesenteric duct (urachal). At the time of diagnosis, the patient was in stage IVB according to the Sheldon et al system and IV according to the Mayo system, an advanced stage of the disease that determines poor prognosis. Treatment with neoadjuvant and surgical chemotherapy was established and adjuvant chemotherapy to follow, which currently continues with a stable evolution. Conclusions: This is a rare neoplasm. Suspecting its diagnosis will lead to an early diagnosis, which will improve the prognosis and survival of affected patients(AU)

Actualización en diagnóstico de divertículo de Meckel como causa de hemorragia gastrointestinal / Update in diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage

El Divertículo de Meckel es la malformación congénita más común del sistema gastrointestinal1 , se produce al obliterarse el conducto onfalomesentérico a nivel proximal formando un divertículo verdadero en el borde anti mesentérico a nivel del íleon, el cual debería cerrarse entre la 5ta y 6ta semana de gestación normalmente. Sus alteraciones pueden dar lugar a pólipos ductales, bandas fibrosas, quistes ductales, fístulas íleoumbilicales o más frecuentemente al Divertículo de Meckel; estas variaciones pueden asociarse a otras malformaciones en el sistema nervioso o cardiovascular2 . Los remanentes onfalomesentéricos son más frecuentes en hombres que en mujeres, con una relación 2:1, siendo la incidencia general de un 2%3 . La mayoría de los casos se mantienen asintomáticos, pero algunos pacientes, sobre todo en edades pediátricas, pueden presentar síntomas como hemorragia gastrointestinal, torsión intestinal, obstrucción o infección4 . Dada su escasa e inespecífica sintomatología, es que podría llevar al clínico a confundirlo con otros diagnósticos diferenciales tales como la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Úlceras u otras patologías. Esta una de las razones por las que nos parece relevante realizar una revisión de las técnicas diagnósticas disponibles en la actualidad con el fin de determinar las mejores opciones diagnosticas dependiendo del medio en que se desenvuelva el clínico.

Meckel Diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal system1 , it occurs when the omphalomesenteric duct is obliterated proximally, forming a true diverticulum in the anti-mesenteric border at the level of the ileum, which should be closed usually between the 5th and 6th week of gestation. Its alterations can give rise to ductal polyps, fibrous bands, ductal cysts, ileo-umbilical fistulas or more frequently to Meckel's diverticulum; These variations can be associated with other malformations in the nervous or cardiovascular system2 . Omphalomesenteric remnants are more frequent in men than in women, with a 2: 1 ratio, with a general incidence of 2% 3 . Most cases remain asymptomatic, but some patients, especially at pediatric ages, may present symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal torsion, obstruction or infection4 . Given its scarce and unspecific symptomatology, it could lead the clinician to confuse it with other differential diagnoses such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcers or other pathologies. This is one of the reasons why it seems relevant to review the diagnostic techniques currently available to determine the best diagnostic options depending on the environment in which the clinician operates

A Case of a Patent Omphalomesenteric Duct Presenting with Meconium Discharge from the Umbilicus

The omphalomesenteric duct is a link between the primitive midgut and the yolk sac. Normally, the duct obliterates around 6 weeks of gestation, yet varying degrees of incomplete obliteration can take place in 1%–4% of infants. This study described the case of a newborn with a patent omphalomesenteric duct remnant fistula identified at birth with meconium in the umbilical cord. At birth, the infant presented meconium staining and meconium discharged within the umbilical cord. Physical examination and other examinations showed no other specific findings. The omphalomesenteric duct fistula was confirmed through the imaging study (abdominal ultrasonography, gastrografin enema). A surgery was carried out where the remnant was resected. The patient did well and was discharged soon after without complication.

Persistencia de conducto onfalomesenterico permeable / Patent onfalomesenteric conduct / Persistência do ducto onfalomesentérico permeável

La persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico permeable es una de las formas de presentación menos frecuente, dentro de la patología, de los restos embrionarios derivados de este conducto. Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 30 días de vida a quien se le hace un diagnóstico de conducto onfalomesentérico permeable y se realiza cirugía resectiva, con una buena evolución postoperatoria inmediata y con alta a domicilio a los 8 días. Se revisan los datos de embriología así como de patología, la presentación clínica, los diagnósticos diferenciales y las opciones terapéuticas.

The persistence of permeable omphalosenteric duct is one of the less frequent forms of presentation, within the pathology, of the embryonic remnants derived from this duct. We present the case of a 30-day-old infant who is diagnosed with permeable omphalomesenteric duct, and resective surgery is performed, with a good postoperative evolution and with home discharge at 8 days. The embryology data as well as the pathology, the clinical presentation, the differential diagnoses and the therapeutic options are reviewed.

A persistência do ducto onfalossentérico permeável é uma das formas menos freqüentes de apresentação, dentro da patologia, dos remanescentes embrionários derivados desse ducto. Apresentamos o caso de um lactente de 30 dias que é diagnosticado comducto oncomumentérico permeável, sendo realizada cirurgia ressectiva, com boa evolução pós-operatória e com descarga domiciliar aos 8 dias. Os dados da embriologia, bem como a patologia, a apresentação clínica, os diagnósticos diferenciais e as opções terapêuticas são revisados.

Divertículo de Meckel complicado como presentación de abdomen agudo: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Complicated meckel´s diverticulum presenting as acute abdomen. Case report and a review of the literature

El divertículo de Meckel (DM) es la regresión incompleta del conducto onfalomesentérico y representa la malformación congénita gastrointestinal más común, en alrededor de 2% de la población. Hasta un 4 a 6% se puede complicar, incluyendo sangrado gastrointestinal, obstrucción o inflamación diverticular. Al realizar una apendicectomía en blanco, debe explorarse como diagnóstico diferencial en el intraoperatorio. Se presenta el caso de un paciente operado por abdomen agudo de probable origen apendicular, sin embargo en el intraoperatorio se evidenció el apéndice cecal sano, pero cursando con una diverticulitis de Meckel. Se presenta además, una breve revisión de la literatura.

Meckel´s diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal malformation, present in 2% of the population, and is formed through incomplete regression of the omphalomesenteric duct. 4 to 6% show symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction or diverticular inflammation. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis during surgery for suspected appendicitis. We present the case of a patient undergoing acute abdomen surgery for suspected appendicitis whose cecal appendix was healthy but who was found to have Meckel´s diverticulitis. We also present a brief review of the literature.

Persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico

La persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico y del uraco constituyen las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes de la región umbilical. Un fracaso en la regresión del conducto onfalomesentérico determina el origen de un amplio espectro de anomalías relacionadas con la pared abdominal, entre ellas la persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 10 años de edad con persistencia completa y permeable del conducto onfalomesentérico; lo inusual fue su presentación con un cuadro de abdomen agudo, motivo por el cual se diagnosticó inicialmente como apendicitis aguda. Se recalca la importancia de este tipo de casos por sus múltiples manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones que conlleva.

The persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct and the urachus are the most frequent congenital malformations of the umbilical region. A failure in the regression of the omphalomesenteric duct determines the origin of a wide spectrum of abnormalities related to the abdominal wall, including the persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct. We present the case of a 10-year-old patient with complete and permeable persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct, what makes the case unusual is its presentation with acute abdomen, reason for which it was initially diagnosed as acute appendicitis. The importance of this type of case is emphasized by its multiple clinical manifestations and the complications that it entails

Volvo do íleo em torno de cordão fibroso do divertículo de Meckel / Ileal volvulus around the fibrous band of the Meckel?s diverticulum

Relata-se o caso de um homem com 16 anos deidade que apresentou torção do íleo ao redordo cordão fibroso que unia um divertículo deMeckel à cicatriz umbilical. Embora esse divertículoconstitua o defeito intestinal congênitomais comum, seu volvo axial é considerado umfenômeno raro. No período pré-operatório, nãose estabeleceu o diagnóstico, o qual foi caracterizadona laparotomia. A correção cirúrgica dovolvo e a exérese do divertículo foram realizadascom sucesso.

Ileal volvulus around the fibrous band of the Meckel?s diverticulum A 16-year-old male patient presenting with an ilealvolvulus around the fibrous band that connected to the Meckel?s diverticulum to the umbilicus is reported. Although this diverticulum constitutes the commoner intestinal congenital defect, its axial volvulus is considered a rare phenomenon. Preoperative diagnosis was not obtained, and was characterized during laparotomy. Surgical correction of the volvulus and the diverticulum resection were performed with success.

Clinical Analysis of Vitelline Duct Anomalies in Children

A vitelline duct (VD) anomaly is a relatively common congenital abnormality of the umbilical area. The anomalies include patent vitelline duct (PVD), cyst, fistula or sinus. The incidence is approximately 2% of the populations, but development of symptoms is rare. Recently, we experienced two cases; PVD accompanied by a smallomphalocele and intestinal volvulus due to mesenteric band between Meckel's diverticulum and the mesentery. Thereafter,we evaluated the data of vitelline duct anomalies for 27 years. From 1980 to 2006, 18 cases of VD anomalies were reviewed based on the hospital records retrospectively. There were 15 boys and 3 girls and age ranged from 2 days to 15 years. Among the 18 cases, 15 cases were symptomatic and consisted of Meckel's diverticulum (10 cases), PVD (4 cases) and umbilical polyp (1 case). Three asymptomatic cases of Meckel's diverticulum were found incidentally were and were observed without resection. Ten cases of Meckel's diverticulum were presented with intestinal bleedings (4 cases), intestinal obstructions (5 cases) and perforation (1 case). Wedge resections and segmental resections of ileum were performed in 8 patients and 2 patients, respectively. Postoperative complications were adhesive ileus (1 case) and wound seroma (1 case). Small omphaloceles were accompanied in two of 4 PVD patients. There was 1 small omphalocele case which was accompanied by a prolapse of ileum. In summary, VD anomalies were more common in male and more than half of them were found in patients less than 1 year of age. PVD was diagnosed most frequently in neonates. Meckel's diverticulum presented with intestinal obstruction more frequently than bleeding.

A Case of Umbilical Omphalomesenteric Duct Polyp / 대한피부과학회지

An umbilical omphalomesenteric duct polyp arises from remnants of the omphalomesenteric duct, which connects the midgut to the Yolk sac of the embryo and is closed completely at 7 weeks. Persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct shows various clinical manifestations of embryologic anomalies such as umbilical enteric fistula, Meckel's diverticulum or vitelline cysts. In particular, the umbilical omphalomesenteric duct polyp should be clinically discerned from persistent granulation tissue or pyogenic granuloma and attention should be given to external openings with discharge, which can be suggestive of underlying anomalies. We herein report an case of an umbilical omphalomesenteric duct polyp in a 10-year-old male who had no underlying anomalies.

Persistencia del conducto onfalomesenterico. Presentación de un caso / Persistent Onphalomesenteric duct: A case report

Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 42 años de edad, operado en el Hospital General Universitario «Abel Santamaría Cuadrado¼ de Pinar del Río, que presentaba una fístula entero cutánea, por persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico. El tratamiento consistió en la resección intestinal y anastomosis terminoterminal. La evolución postoperatoria fue satisfactoria.

A 42 year old male patient underwent an operation at "Abel Santamaria" University Hospital, Pinar del Rio. The patient presented an entero coetaneous fistula and persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct. Operative procedures consisted of intestinal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Postoperative course was satisfactory.

Neonatal Appendicoumbilical Fistula

Umbilical anomalies arie from fetal structures such as the omphalomesenteric duct (OMD) or urachus, or from the failure to closure the umbilical fascial ring. The persistence of OMD may lead to several anomalies including umbilical sinus, umbilical cyst, Meckel's diverticulum, or patent OMD (POMD). The clinical signs are local swelling, redness, inflammation, umbilical discharge, and bleeding. The passage of the intestinal contents, through the umbilicus i.e., meconeum or gas, implies a fistula to some part of the intestine. A patent omphalomesenteric duct (OMD) is usually associated with the ileum, but rarely with the cecum or appendix. There have only been eight reports of a neonatal appendicoumbilical fistula. Here the authors report a rare and interesting example of an umbilico-appendiceal fistula, and discuss its etiology and treatment.

Small Bowel Obstruction with Strangulation Caused by Patent Omphalomesenteric Duct

The vitelline duct is the primitive connection between the yolk sac and embryonic midgut, and undergoes involution between the seventh and ninth weeks of fetal development. A patent omphalomesenteric duct is a form of umbilical remnant with a communication between the umbilicus and intestine that requires surgical resection. Completely patent omphalomesenteric duct is very rare. We here report a case of intestinal obstruction with small bowel strangulation caused by patent omphalomesenteric duct in a 33-year-old man.

A Case of Mesodiverticular Band Causing Small Intestinal Obstruction / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Meckel's diverticulum is found in about 3% of the population, often incidentally during laparotomy or at autopsy. Over 50% of patients who develop symptoms from this anomaly are younger than 2 years of age. The most common symptom of this lesion is intestinal obstruction. Rarely Meckel's diverticulum is complicated by a mesodiverticular band, which is believed to be a remnant of a vitelline artery. We report a 11-year-old girl with small bowel obstruction because of an intestinal hernia beneath the mesodiverticular band. The causative factor was a stenotic area in the terminal ileum caused by a ringlike lipovascular mesenteric band encroaching externally on the lumen. Although the incidence of mesodiverticular bands complicating Meckel's diverticulum is quite low, the rapid clinical course and the associated high mortality rate make this an important disease.

A Clinical Study of Vitelline Duct and Vessel Remnants

Of 72 cases with vitelline duct and vessel remnants, 45 (62.5%) had symptomatic lesions (mean age, 27.9 months) with male preponderance (4.6: 1). Among the 45 symptomatic lesions, there were 22 cases of Meckel's diverticulum, 6 cases of Meckel's diverticulum with fibrous band attached to the umbilicus, 6 cases of patent vitelline duct, 5 cases of vitelline artery remnant as fibrous band, 2 cases of umbilical sinus, 2 cases of umbilical polyp, and 2 cases of vitelline cyst. Twenty three cases (51%) presented with intestinal obstruction, 6 (13%) with rectal bleeding, 4 (9%) with perforated Meckel's diverticulum, 5 with intestinal fluid drainage through umbilicus, 5 with umbilical lesion, and 1 with abdominal mass. Intestinal obstruction due to fibrous band developed at infancy (average age, 4.6 months). About 82% of complicated Meckel's diverticulum (n=28) presented less than 4 years of age. Seventeen Meckel's diverticulums, 8 obliterated vitelline artery remnants, and 1 vitelline vein remnant as fibrous band were found incidentally at laparotomy.

A Case of Umbilical Omphalomesenteric Duct Polyp / 대한피부과학회지

A umbilical omphalomesenteric duct polyp is the result of incomplete closure of the omphalomesenteric duct, which connects the midgut with the yolk sac of the embryo. It may be associated with underlying embryologic anomalies such as Meckels diverticulum and umbilical enteric fistula, the complications of which may at times be fatal. This rare malformation should be clinically discerned from persistent granulation tissue or pyogenic granuloma. Histologically, it shows a polypoid lesion consisting of ectopic gastrointestinal epithelium with the appearance of gastric, intestinal, or colonic mucosa. We report a case of an umbilical omphalomesenteric duct polyp in an 8-year-old male patient, who had had a bright-red polyp on the umbilicus from the age of 1 month and had not had any other types of underlying abnormalities.

Patent Omphalomesenteric Duct Remnants: Report of 4 Cases

The omphalomesenteric duct normally obliterates by the sixth week of intrauterine life. Incomplete obliteration results various abnormalities which may be apparent in the newborn infant. The omphalomesenteric duct may persist as an omphalomesenteric fistula. Morphologically the fistula resembles the ileum, but may contain ectopic gastric, colonic or pancreatic tissue. The infant presents with an umbilical discharge which may be recognizable as small bowel content. Although this malforamtion should be recognizable at birth, 40% of patients are not treated until after the first month of life. In the past 28 months since the Samsung Medical Center opened its doors to public, the authors experienced 4 cases of patent omphalomesenteric duct remnant including one case of T-shaped total prolapse of duct and adjacent ileum. These cases will be discussed with literature review.